Physics Classes

Author: Nayan Jha

  • How to score better marks in physics class 12 physics

    How to score better marks in physics class 12 physics

    How to score better marks in physics class 12 physics

    To download latest physics sample paper click here-

    CBSE Class 12 Physics Board Exam: Smart Strategy to Score Better Marks in physics.

    In this blog Physics by Nayan Jha going to tell you, about the smart strategy to score better in  physics class 12th board examination.

    Class 12th Physics Board Examination is not only about studying for long hours; it is about studying with the right strategy, proper revision and consistent practice. Many students understand the concepts but lose marks because of incomplete preparation, calculation mistakes, poor time management and lack of practice in objective-type questions.

    With the right approach, Physics can become one of the scoring subjects in the CBSE Board Examination.

    1. Make a Realistic Study Schedule

    Students should focus on quality study hours rather than simply counting the number of hours.Try to study Physics for around 2–3 focused hours every day, depending on your overall timetable and preparation level.A simple daily routine can be:

    – 45–60 minutes: Concept revision

    – 45–60 minutes: Numerical and derivations

    – 30–45 minutes: Objective questions

    – 15–20 minutes: Quick revision of formulas

    Consistency is more important than studying for 8–10 hours on one day and then taking a long break.

    2. Give Special Attention to Objective Questions

    To download the important objective class12th click here-

    The pattern of board examinations has increasingly placed importance on conceptual and application-based questions. Therefore, students should not prepare Physics only by solving long-answer questions.

    Practice regularly:

    – MCQs

    – Assertion-Reason questions

    – Case Study-based questions

    – Competency-based questions

    – Numerical-based MCQs

    – Statement-based questions

    Physics by Nayan Jha Suggestion:

    Don’t wait until the last few days to start objective preparation. Solve a small set of objective questions every day.

    3. Understand the Concept Before Memorising the Formula

    Physics is not a subject where memorising formulas alone is enough.

    Before using a formula, understand:

    What does the formula represent?

    When can it be used?

    What are the units of each quantity?

    What happens when one variable changes?

    This approach is particularly useful for MCQs, Assertion-Reason and application-based questions.

    4. Make a Chapter-wise Formula Sheet

    Prepare a separate formula sheet for every chapter.

    For example, revise:

    – Important formulas

    – SI units

    – Dimensions

    – Graphs

    – Important laws

    – Important definitions

    – Special cases

    – Frequently used relations

    Revise these sheets regularly instead of opening the entire textbook every time.

    5. Don’t Ignore NCERT

    For CBSE Board preparation, NCERT should remain one of the most important resources.

    Students should thoroughly study:

    – NCERT theory

    – Important definitions

    – Diagrams

    – Examples

    – Derivations

    – Numerical problems

    – Tables and graphs

    After completing NCERT, move towards sample papers and additional practice questions.

    6. Practice Numericals Every Day

    Many students understand the theory but lose marks in numerical questions because they do not practice enough.

    While solving a numerical, follow this sequence:

    Given → Formula → Substitution → Calculation → Final Answer with Unit

    Also pay attention to:

    – Sign conventions

    – SI units

    – Powers of 10

    – Significant figures where applicable

    – Direction of vectors

    Regular numerical practice improves both speed and accuracy.

    7. Prepare Important Derivations

    Do not leave derivations for the last week.

    Prepare the important derivations chapter-wise and practise writing them without looking at the book.

    While writing a derivation:

    1. Start with the relevant law or principle.

    2. Write the required equation.

    3. Show the mathematical steps clearly.

    4. Draw the diagram wherever required.

    5. Highlight the final result.

    A neat and logically arranged answer makes your solution easier to evaluate.

    8. Solve Sample Papers and Previous Questions

    Once you have completed the syllabus, start solving full-length papers under examination conditions.

    Try to complete the paper within the prescribed time.

    After every paper, analyze :

    – Which questions were wrong?

    – Which concepts were weak?

    – Where did you lose time?

    – Were there calculation mistakes?

    – Did you leave any question incomplete?

  • Physics class12th sample paper 2026-2027

    Physics class12th sample paper 2026-2027

    The newly launched CBSE Sample Question Papers (SQPs) for the 2026–27 academic session (meant for the 2027 Class 12 board exams) carry a few specific characteristics and properties aimed at guiding your exam preparation:

    1. No Change in the Assessment Pattern, A major property of this year’s sample papers is structural stability. Every official document carries a clear line stating that there is no change in the Question Paper Design and Assessment Pattern compared to the previous academic session. The passing criteria also remain identical, requiring students to score at least 33% to pass a subject.

    2. High Weightage on Competency-Based Questions . The core testing property follows the modern CBSE framework, heavily prioritizing concept-oriented, analytical, and intelligence-based competency questions. Instead of encouraging rote memorization , these papers evaluate how well you can apply textbook formulas and concepts to real-world or case-based scenarios.

    3. Blueprint to the Real Exam Structure The sample papers act as an exact mirror for how your final boards will be formatted. For instance: Science stream papers (like Physics or Chemistry) typically feature 33 compulsory questions spread across five distinct sections for a maximum of 70 marks. Mathematics papers feature 38 questions for 80 marks, incorporating a heavy chunk of standard MCQs, Assertion-Reason pairings, and case-study sections.

    4. Direct Pairing with Official Marking Schemes (MS)Every single sample paper released on the CBSE Academic Website has a corresponding Marking Scheme (MS) document. This acts as a step-by-step evaluation guide, explicitly demonstrating how answers must be framed and structured to score full marks in the actual exam. If you are preparing for a specific class or stream, let me know: Are you looking for  Class 12 sample papers?

    To download the pdf of physics sample paper class 12th 2026-27 click here-

    To download the solution of the sample paper class-12th with marking scheme click here-

  • Objective class 12th Book part-1

    Objective class 12th Book part-1

    Introduction to Objective Physics for Class 12
    “Objective Physics” by Nayan Jha meets the demand for objective questions in Class 12 Physics exams.
    Key Features of This Book:
    Comprehensive Question Types:
    Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with answers,
    Assertion–Reason Questions with answers,
    Case Study Based Questions with answers,
    Focus on Conceptual Understanding: Each question enhances students’ conceptual understanding of Physics.
    Problem-Solving Skill Development: The book strengthens students’ ability to solve various Physics problems.
    Detailed Solutions:
    Every question includes a detailed solution.
    Solutions explain the correct answer and underlying Physics principles.
    Target Audience and Benefits:
    This book is for:
    Class 12th Board Examination Preparation: It offers effective preparation for board exams.
    NEET and JEE Aspirants: Concept-based questions benefit students preparing for NEET and JEE.
    How This Book Helps Students:
    Chapter-wise Practice: Chapter-organized questions allow students to assess preparation and identify improvement areas.
    Beyond Memorization: The aim is to foster deeper understanding, helping students understand concepts, learn applications, and build confidence in solving objective questions.
    Author’s Philosophy:
    “Concepts + Practice = Success — Your Success is My Mission.”
    — Nayan Jha
    Physics by Nayan Jha

    To download the complete book (pdf) click here-

  • Alternating current objective questions with answers

    In this blog physics classes by Nayan jha providing objective questions and answers , which contain multiple choice , assertion reason and case study based questions with explanation( complete solution.

    To download the pdf all questions and its answer click here-

    For question numbers 86-100, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
    Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
    (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
    (c) A is true but R is false
    (d) A is false and R is also false

    1. Assertion (A) : Long distance transmission
      of A.C. is carried out at extremely high voltage.
      Reason (R): For large distance, voltage has
      to be large….
    2. Assertion (A) : An electric lamp connected
      in series with a variable capacitor and A.C.
      source, its brightness increases with increase
      in capacitance.
      Reason (R): Capacitive reactance decreases
      with increase in capacitance of capacitor.
    3. Assertion (A) : A transformer cannot work
      on D.C. supply.
      Reason (R): D.C. changes neither in magnitude
      nor in direction.
    4. Assertion (A) : Step-down transformer
      increases the current.
      Reason (R): Transformer obeys the law of
      conservation of energy.

    To download complete assignment of these questions and answer (PDF)click here-

  • How forces affects motion

    class 9 Chapter-6 (physics)

    In Chapter 4, you learnt to describe the motion of an object in terms
    of its position, velocity and acceleration. But you did not consider
    what causes motion. Is there an underlying cause for a change in
    position and velocity of an object? What is the nature of this cause?
    Do all motions require a cause? In this chapter, we will investigate
    what causes changes in the motion of objects. We will also discuss
    Newton’s three laws of motion and learn how to apply them.
    6.1 The Concept of Force
    Grade 8
    Curiosity
    Chapter 5
    You may recall learning earlier that a force can make an
    object move from rest, change the speed and direction
    of motion of a moving object, and can even change the
    shape of an object. For example, a ball at rest starts moving when
    you apply a force, a force applied by a cricket bat on a cricket ball
    changes its direction, and a lemon can be squeezed by the force
    applied by your fingers.

    To download the entire chapter click here-

  • What is String theory?

    What is String theory?

    What is string theory? Simple explanation of string theory in physics

    Now these days as the need of science increasing , the students are excited to know about the  universe, , related to the atomic and sub atomic particles. String theory is one of them .

    Now in this block we will discuss about the one of the most excited and fundamental concept of physics, known as the string theory.

    String theory is a theory in modern physics that tries to explain what the smallest building blocks of the universe really are.

    Questions may be asked on the basis of string theory which are –

    (i) How does a string produces particles?

    (ii)What are the purpose of string theory?

    (iii) Why extra dimensions involved ?

    (iv) Is the string theory proven ?

    String theory is a proposed framework in physics that tries to explain the fundamental particles and forces of nature—including gravity—within one mathematical theory.

    The central idea is surprisingly simple: instead of treating fundamental particles as infinitely small points, string theory proposes that they are tiny, one-dimensional vibrating strings.

    Normally we think of particles such as electron ,quarks as point like particles. But according to string theory ,at most fundamental level these particle may actually be made of extremely small , one dimensional objects called ‘string’.

    Different ways a string vibrates would appear to us as different particles. You can think of it somewhat like a guitar string: one string can produce different notes depending on how it vibrates. In string theory, one vibration might behave like an electron, another like a photon, and another like a different particle.

    One reason physicists are interested in string theory is that it naturally produces a particle with the properties expected of the graviton, the hypothetical quantum particle associated with gravity. This makes string theory a candidate for reconciling quantum mechanics with general relativity, two extremely successful theories that are difficult to combine under extreme conditions such as the interiors of black holes or the very early universe.

    There are some unusual consequences. Most versions require more dimensions than the four we experience (three dimensions of space plus time). Superstring theories generally require 10 space time dimensions, with the additional dimensions thought to be curled up at extremely small scales. A broader framework called M-theory involves 11 dimensions and also includes higher-dimensional objects called branes.

    The major problem is that string theory has not been experimentally confirmed. The characteristic scales involved are thought to be far beyond what current particle accelerators can directly probe, and the theory allows many possible ways for the extra dimensions to be arranged. Consequently, string theory remains an active but speculative area of theoretical physics rather than an experimentally established description of nature.

    In one sentence: string theory proposes that everything—from electrons to the particles associated with forces—ultimately arises from different vibrations of extraordinarily tiny strings.

  • Similarities Between the Rigveda and Science

    Before reading this blog, I would like to inform you all that the views expressed here are based on my own understanding and knowledge. Your perspective may differ from mine.

    (Nayan Kumar Jha)

    The Rigveda contains certain material that can be viewed in the context of the history of modern science. However, an important point should be kept in mind: it would not be correct to describe the Rigveda as a textbook of Physics, Chemistry, or Biology in the modern sense. According to scholars, it contains observations of nature and numerical and astronomical references, along with primarily religious, poetic, and philosophical ideas.

    1. The Origin of the Universe — The Nasadiya Sukta

    One of the most fascinating examples is Rigveda 10.129, commonly known as the Nasadiya Sukta. It raises profound questions about the origin of creation.

    The opening conveys the idea:

    «“Then, there was neither existence nor non-existence…”»

    The hymn asks whether there was the sky, the atmosphere, or anything else at that time. Towards the end, it raises a profound question about how creation actually came into existence—and whether anyone can truly know the answer.

    This is interesting in relation to modern cosmology because both approach the origin of the universe as a fundamental question. However, it would not be scientifically correct to describe the Nasadiya Sukta as a direct description of the Big Bang Theory.

    The modern Big Bang model is based on mathematical models, astronomical observations, and physical evidence, whereas the Nasadiya Sukta presents a philosophical exploration of the origin of existence.

    2. Astronomy

    The Rigveda contains numerous references to the Sun, dawn (Ushas), stars, and celestial phenomena. According to an official Government of India portal related to Sanskrit, the Rigveda holds an important place among the early references to astronomical thought in India.

    However, an important distinction should be made here:

    Observation of the sky → Beginning of scientific curiosity

    Modern astronomy → Mathematics + Measurement + Observation + Testing

    Therefore, the two should not be considered exactly the same.

    3. Mathematics and Numbers

    The Rigveda contains numerous numerical expressions. According to historian Takao Hayashi, it would not be appropriate to derive fully developed mathematical theories from the Rigveda. However, it does contain scattered references related to whole numbers, fractions, and simple geometric forms.

    These references are interesting from the perspective of the history of mathematics, although they should not be interpreted as equivalent to modern mathematical theory.

    4. The Most Important Aspect — The Spirit of Scientific Thinking

    In my opinion, the most interesting aspect of the Rigveda from the perspective of science is not merely any particular “scientific fact,” but the willingness to ask questions.

    In the Nasadiya Sukta, the poet openly asks who truly knows the origin of creation. It reflects a form of epistemic humility—the ability to acknowledge what we do not know.

    This attitude is particularly interesting from the perspective of scientific thinking because science itself progresses by asking questions, examining evidence, testing ideas, and accepting uncertainty where evidence is insufficient.

    Conclusion

    Therefore, saying that modern scientific theories are directly written in the Rigveda would be an exaggeration.

    However, the Rigveda certainly contains serious observations and questions concerning the universe, nature, sky, time, numbers, and existence. This makes it an important subject for studying the history of human thought and the development of scientific curiosity.

    The Rigveda may not be a modern science textbook, but it demonstrates that human beings have been asking profound questions about the universe and existence for thousands of years.

    — Physics Classes by Nayan Jha 

  • Most important numerical of electrostatics

    Important numerical of electrostatics  ( Top 12 )

    This assignment contain top 12 important numerical  of electrostatics , chapter 1 and 2 (unit-1). Students preparing for 12th board examination included all states and ICSE board ( even students preparing for JEE/NEET) must solve these numerical.

    1. (i)Two point charges 4Q and Q are separated by 1m in air at what point on the line joining the two charges the electric field intensity is zero. (ii) Two identical metallic sphere A and B having charges +4Q and -10Q are kept at a certain distance apart . A third identical uncharged sphere C is first placed in contact with sphere  A and then with sphere B . Spheres A and B are then brought in contact and then separated . Find the charges on the sphere A and B . 

    To download the complete assignment pdf click here-

    2. (i) Calculate the amount of work done in turning an electric dipole of dipole moment 3×108 C-m from its position of unstable equilibrium to stable equilibrium, in a uniform electric field of intensity 103N/c. (ii)The electric field components due to a charge inside the cube of side 0.1m are shown below      Ex=αx   ,  where α =500N/C-m EY=0,EZ=0

    Calculate (a) The flux through the cube (b)the charge inside the cube

    3.(a) A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.5 m in diameter has a surface charge density of 100µC/m2 . Calculate the  (a) charge on the surface  and (b)Total electric flux through the surface. (b)Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other.  On their inner faces, the plates have surface charges densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 17.0 x 10-22 C/m2.   What is electric field strength E:  (a) in the outer region of the first plate, (b) in the outer region of the second plate, and (c)  between the plates?

    TO DOWNLOAD THE COMLETE ASSIGNMENT CLICK HERE-

  • Top 20 questions for class 11th first term examination

    Top 20 most important questions for class 11th first term examination.

    This assignment contain 22 most important questions for class 11th first term examination, from unit-1 to unit- 7 (gravitation) . this assignment contain the questions based on derivation only (for important numerical you have to see another assignment).

    1. What is dimensions? What are the uses of dimensions on the basis of their uses answer the following questions.

    (a) If (p+ a/V2) (V-b)=RT where the symbols has their usual meanings, then what is the dimension of a/b . (b)  If   F= a/ b+√d , where f=force ,d= density  , then find the dimension of a and b.(c ) The factors effecting the time period (T) of the  simple pendulum depends on mass , length and acceleration due to gravity . Deduce the relation for time period of the simple pendulum.

    2.  (i) Draw velocity -time graph of uniformly accelerated motion in one dimension .From the velocity time graph of uniform Accelerated motion ,deduce the equations of motion in using this graph (or using calculus method). (ii) A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Draw its:  (i) Velocity-time curve (ii) Acceleration-time curve, If T is the time of flight. Using calculus method also find the distance covered in nth second.

        3.  Define average velocity and relative velocity. A car travels first half of a length S with velocity u1. The second half is covered with velocities u2   and u3 for equal time intervals .Find the average velocity of the motion. Also answers the following questions (a)  A body start from rest and accelerates uniformly .find the ratio of the displacement in, (1)one, two and three seconds, (2) first ,seconds and third second. (b). A body covers 12 m in 2nd seconds and 20 m in 4th seconds .find what distance the body will cover in 4 second after 5th second.

    4.State the triangle law and parallelogram law of vector addition, derive the expression for the magnitude and direction of the resultant of two vector. (**Also solve some numericals based on this derivation).also write the answers of the following questions

     (a) If a man can swim with speed s in still water , if a river flowing with speed v from east to west , find the(1) velocity of swimmer with respect to river ,(2) in which direction should he swim to reach the opposite direction (3) what is the minimum time taken by the swimmer to reach on opposite bank if width of the river is ‘d’.

     (b)   Rain is falling vertically downward  with speed Vr , and a man is running on the horizontal road with speed Vm , in which direction should he hold his umbrella to protect him from rain.

    5. A projectile is fired at an angle θ with the horizontal . (a) show that its trajectory is parabolic, (b) Obtain the expression for , time of flight ,horizontal range and vertical height. A body is projected horizontally from the top of a building  of height H , if velocity of projection is  ‘u’ find (a) time it will take to reach the ground (b)horizontal distance from the foot of the building where it will strike the ground, and (c) velocity with which body strikes the ground. Also answer the following questions (i)at what value of  θ  the range will be maximum, ((ii)) prove that for a given velocity of projection the horizontal range is same for θ and 90- θ .

    6. Define centripetal acceleration and centripetal force find the expression for it if a body of mass m moving with a uniform speed u in a circular path of radius r (derivation of centripetal acceleration).

    7. Answer the following questions (a)  State, Newton’s second law of motion. show that second law is the real law of motion .(b) If a man of mass m is in a lift find the apparent weight of the man when (i) lift is accelerating upward with acceleration ‘a’, (ii)lift is accelerating downward with acceleration ‘a’ , (iii) lift is moving upward with constant velocity v ,(d) lift is falling freely under gravity.(c)Explain, Why pull is easy as compared to push a rolling body ?

    8. Distinguish between static friction , limiting friction and kinetic friction,  haw do they vary with the applied force , explain with the help of a diagram. . (b)write the laws of limiting friction (c)Why are ball bearings used in machinery? (d) What is the need of banking of road. (e) State two advantage and disadvantages of  friction.(d) Explain why (i) a cyclist slow dawn his speed while taking turn. (ii) a cyclist bend himself towards the centre at the turn . (iii) it is necessary of banking of road ?

    9. Define impulse .(a) A cricket ball of mass m moving with speed of v m/s, calculate the impulse received by the ball (b) a ball moving by a momentum of strike against a wall at an angle of  θ with the normal and is reflected at the same angle and with the same speed . find the change in momentum of the ball.

    10. Define conservative and non- conservative force.  How will you find variable force ? what is the significance of F-x graph.?  Explain conservation of energy ,draw a graph showing the variation of potential and kinetic energy with respect to the height of a  free fall under gravity.

    11. Define elastic and inelastic collision . discuss elastic collision in one dimension . obtain expression for velocities of two bodies after such a collision .Also show that for perfactaly elastic collision coefficient of restitution is 1.  

    12. State and explain work energy theorem.Also Find the relation between kinetic energy and linear momentum . using this relation answer the given questions, (a) two bodies of masses M  and m (M>m)having same momentum , which has more kinetic energy? (b)  ) two bodies of masses M  and m (M>m)having same kinetic energy, which has more momentum? (c)the linear momentum of a body is increased by 10% what is the % change in kinetic energy? (d) the kinetic energy of  a body is increased by 10% what is the % change in linear momentum?

    13 . Find  the expression for the potential energy stored in a  stretched spring of spring constant    K  and it is stretched by distance X. Also plot the graph which shows the variation in kinetic energy and potential energy  with respect to X if spring is free to oscillate.

    14.State Newtons law of gravitation in vector form .(I)Haw can you find the mass of earth ,starting from the law of gravitation?)II) What are the factors affecting the value of G  ? (III)If mass of two bodies are doubled and distance is halved , how will the gravitational force change ? Write the differences between (I) Inertial ang gravitational mass,(II) G and g (III)escape velocity and orbital velocity on earth.

    15. Define gravitational acceleration , find the expression for it, also find its value on the surface of earth .Haw the value of g changes (I) With altitude (II)with the depth .A planet reduces its radius by 1% with its mass remaining same , haw acceleration due to gravity changes ? Find the relation between height h above the earth surface with the depth from the earth surface where the value of g will be same.

    16. what is geostationary satellite  ? calculate the height of the  orbit above the surface of the earth in which a satellite is placed , will appear stationary, and also write the conditions for the launching of  geo stationary satellite .Also, define the term orbital velocity , find the expression for (a) orbital velocity(b) time period and(c) total energy of the satellite . Obtain the relation for orbital speed and escape velocity of the satellite from earth surface.

     17. Answer the following questions-(a) what is the percentage increase in velocity for moon to escape from the gravitational pull of the earth ?( b) If the earth supposed to be a uniform sphere , suddenly contract and its radius becomes half of its original value , what will be the duration of day (or what will be time of rotation of earth on its own axis/ what will be the %change in duration of day)?( c)Why space craft usually launched from west to east ? why is it more advantageous to launch rockets in the equatorial plane?(d) What is escape velocity ? obtain the expression for the escape velocity on earth . why there is no atmosphere on moon? Explain. Also state and prove Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.

    18. Answer the following questions, (a)Is it possible to open a pen cap with one finger? Why? (b)When a sphere, ring, disc and spherical shell are coming down on an inclined plane, rolling without slipping, which will reach the ground first?( c)How will you distinguish between a hard-boiled egg and a raw egg by spinning each on a table top?(d)What is torque? Write its formula in vector form. Handle, to open the door, is always provided at the free edge of a door. Why? ( e)If earth were to shrink suddenly, what would happen to the length of the day?

    19. Answer the following questions                                                                                                                                                                  (a)Derive the relations (i)L = I ω    (ii) Ʈ =  Iα (b)If angular momentum is covered in a system whose moment of inertia is decreased, will its rotational kinetic energy to be also conserved? Explain.                      ( c)Can a body in translatory  motion have angular momentum? ( d)Explain.Write an expression for the moment of inertia of a circular disc of a mass M and radius R(i)about an axis passing through its centre, and a perpendicular to its plane.(ii) about its diameter.(iii)about a tangent to its own plane.(iv) about a tangent perpendicular to the plane of the disc.

          20. Obtain an expression for position vector of centre of mass of a two particle system. From a     uniform circular disc of diameter d , a circular hole of diameter d/6 and having its centre at a distance of d/4  from the centre of the disc is scooped out , find the centre of mass of the remaining portion .

    21. What is the difference between rotational kinetic energy and rolling kinetic energy?Show that rolling kinetic energy of a rolling body is given by 1/2mv2(( K2/r2)+1) , where r is the radius of the body and K is the radius of gyration of the body. How much fraction of the K.E. of rolling is purely (i) translational (ii) rotational ?

    22.(i) Define moment of inertia and radius of gyration also write the parallel and perpendicular axis      theorem.(ii)Derive an expression for moment of inertia of a disc of radius r, mass m(iii)Derive an expression for moment of inertia of a thin circular ring passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring.

    To download the complete question paper click here-

  • Assignment current electricity

    This assignment contain all important questions of chapter current electricity.

    1. How does the drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor very with increase in temperature ?                               2.The metallic conductor is at a temperature  θ1 .The temperature of the metallic conductor is increased to θ2 How will the product of its resistivity andconductivitychange?                                                                                 3. A cell of e.m.f. 2 V and internal resistance 0.1 Ω is connected to a 3.9 Ω external resistance .What will be the p.d. across the terminals of the cell 4.Nichrome and copper wires of the same length and same radius are connected in series .Current I is passed through them .Why does the nichrome wire get heated first ?                                       5. Sate the condition in witch terminal voltage across a secondary cell is equal to its e.m.f.                                                                 6. Two bulbs whose resistances are in the ratio of 1 ; 2, are connected in parallel to a source of constant voltage . What will be the ratio of power dissipation in these?                                                                                                            7. A toaster produces more heat than a light bulb when connected in parallel to the 220 V mains. Which of the two has greater resistance ?      

    TO DOWNLOAD THE ASSIGNMENT CLICK HERE-