Very important topics for ray optics ( for primary practice (topic wise ))
These Are the basics questions . Students must have to complete all the questions given below .
1. Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
Q 1-Derive the mirror formula for a spherical mirror.
Q 2-A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 20 cm. Calculate the object distance required to obtain an image with magnification –2. Also find the image position.
Q 3-For a concave mirror of focal length f, find the minimum distance between an object and its real image.
Q 4-Draw ray diagrams showing image formation by a concave mirror for different object positions.
Q 5-Explain why a concave mirror is used as a shaving mirror.
2. Refraction of Light
Q1-Derive the relation between real depth and apparent depth.
Q2-A small object is placed at the bottom of a vessel filled with water of refractive index 4/3. Find its apparent depth.
Q3-Derive the formula for refraction at a spherical surface.
Q4-An object is placed in front of a convex spherical refracting surface. Explain how the image position changes as the object approaches the surface.
Q5-Why does a pencil partially immersed in water appear bent?
3. Total Internal Reflection (TIR)
Q1- State the two necessary conditions for total internal reflection.
Q2- Define critical angle and obtain its relation with refractive index.
Q3- Explain the working principle of optical fibres.
Q4- A light ray travels from glass to air. Calculate the critical angle for a given refractive index.
Q5- Explain why a diamond sparkles.
4. Refraction Through a Prism
Q1- Derive the relation between the angle of deviation and the angle of incidence in a prism.
Q2- Derive the expression for the refractive index of the prism material:
μ=sin(A+δm)/2 / sin(A/2)
Q3- What is the condition for minimum deviation?
Q4- Draw the ray diagram of a light ray passing through a prism at minimum deviation.
Q5-How does the angle of deviation change with the angle of incidence?
5. Lenses and Lens Maker’s Formula
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9H1URgG8r8&t=749s
Q1- Derive the lens maker’s formula using refraction at spherical surfaces.
Q2- Derive the thin lens formula.
Q3- A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed in a medium whose refractive index is greater than that of the lens. Explain the nature of the lens.
Q4- Two thin lenses of focal lengths f₁ and f₂ are placed in contact. Derive the expression for their equivalent focal length.
Q5- A concave lens is cut into two equal halves. Find the focal length of each half.
Q6- Two concave lenses of focal length 8 cm each are placed 16 cm apart. Find the position and nature of the final image.
6. Optical Instruments
Q1 – Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment.
Q2- Derive the expression for the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope.
Q3-Why is a reflecting telescope preferred over a refracting telescope?
Q4-Draw a labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope.
Q5- Derive the expression for the magnifying power of a compound microscope.
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