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12th Notes

Optical fibres

In this topic we will discuss what is optical fibre , what is its working and its important application. Optical fibres – It is a device based on Total internal reflection by which signal may be transmitted from one location to another. It is a thin fibre of plastic specially coated glass , in which […]

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12th Notes

Application of Total internal reflection

Application of total internal reflection ( T.I.R) –  T.I.R in nature and its technological application- Brilliance of diamond-   The brilliance of diamond is due to the total internal reflection of light. Refractive index for diamond is very large which is near about 2.42 , so that critical angle for diamond air is 24.40. The diamond […]

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12th Notes

Real depth and apparent depth

Real depth and apparent depth. A water tank appears shallower i.e. less deep then what actually is. When we observe an object which is inside the water or any transparent liquid it appear higher then its actual position . This is because when light travels from denser to rarer it bended away from the normal […]

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12th Notes

Important points on refraction of light.

In this note we will discuss about the very important points on the refraction of light , every students must keep it in the mind . It is use ful for objective point of view. Keep in your mind- Some important thing for refraction of light. 1. Refractive index  µ=c/v where c is the velocity […]

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12th Notes

Magnetic elements of earth

In this topic we will discuss about the magnetic elements of earth. All three kinds of magnetic elements of earth , angle of dip,angle of declination and horizontal components of earth magnetic field. Before to know about this topic students must know the magnetic field of earth. To get the note on this topic Magnetic […]

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12th Notes

Magnetic field of earth

In this topic we will discuss about Magnetic field of earth. And also cause of earth’s magnetism, and magnetic and geographic axis and meridian. Magnetic field of earth – In 1600 Sir William Gilbert first suggested that earth behaves like a magnet , it is huge magnet itself. The following evidence explain it- When a […]

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12th Notes

Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter

Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter In this topic we will discuss about the ‘ Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter ‘ . What is ammeter? and how can we convert a Galvanometer into voltmeter? Before to read this topic ‘ Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter ‘  students must know about the galvanometer and shunt . To […]

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12th Notes

Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter

Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter In this topic we will discuss about the ‘ Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter ‘ . What is ammeter? and how can we convert a voltmeter into ammeter? Before to read this topic ‘ Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter ‘  students must know about the galvanometer and shunt . To […]

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12th Notes

Shunt

Shunt In this topic we will discuss about, what is shunt? what are the uses of shunt? and how can we convert a galvanometer into ammeter? Before to go with this topic students must know about the moving coil galvanometer, to get the notes of moving coil galvanometer click here- Shunt- Shunt is a low […]

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12th Notes

Torque on a current carrying coil placed in magnetic field

Torque on a current carrying coil placed in magnetic field . In this topic we will find the expression for the torque on a current carrying coil placed in magnetic field. But before to derive the expression for ‘Torque on a current carrying coil placed in magnetic field’ , students must know the expression for […]